California's Most Vulnerable Parents: When Maltreated Children Have Children

This report takes an in-depth look at the intersection between teen births, child maltreatment, and involvement with the child protection system. Putnam-Hornstein, along with other researchers at USC and the University of California, Berkeley, linked and then analyzed roughly 1.5 million California birth records and 1 million CPS records, with a second phase of research focusing on the maltreatment risk of children born to adolescent mothers.In 2012, California became one of the first states in the nation to extend foster youth status until age 21. Different programs and services will likely be required to adequately respond to the needs and circumstances of non-minor youth who remain in the foster care system, particularly in the area of parenting supports. This report finds that as many as one in three female youth in California may be parenting by the time they exit the foster care system on their 21st birthday

Information Technology Usage Among Afghan Women Business Leaders

Prior to 2001, under the Taliban-ruled government, Afghanistan Information Technology (IT) usage was restricted to a few select individuals. Women were not allowed to attend schools or enter public areas without a related male escort and were expected to stay in the family home (Roshan, 2013). However, since 2001, the Afghan IT infrastructure allowed women to join the business sector to become educated in commerce, and they marketed products, goods, or services. Simple IT tools such as mobile phones have offered affordable business options for women, such as payment transactions over the phone or social media accounts. Afghan women leaders have embraced IT usage as a modern method to conduct their businesses

Spray nozzle designs for agricultural aviation applications

Techniques of generating monodisperse sprays and information concerning chemical liquids used in agricultural aviation are surveyed. The periodic dispersion of liquid jet, the spinning disk method, and ultrasonic atomization are the techniques discussed. Conceptually designed spray nozzles for generating monodisperse sprays are assessed. These are based on the classification of the drops using centrifugal force, on using two opposing liquid laden air jets, and on operating a spinning disk at an overloaded flow. Performance requirements for the designs are described and estimates of the operational characteristics are presented

The origin, hormonal nature, and action of hepatotrophic substances in portal venous blood

The hepatotrophic factors previously reported to be in splanchnic venous blood are pancreatic hormones and specifically insulin and glucagon. Of these, insulin is anabolic and glucagon is mainly catabolic but not exclusively so, since glucagon also has the anabolic effect of stimulating gluconeogenesis. The insulin glucagon relationship and the interrelationship of these hormones to others, such as epinephrine, in the moment to moment regulation of nutrient and hepatic homeostasis is a central fact of liver physiology that should reconcile a number of previously divergent opinions about portoprival syndromes, mechanisms of hepatic atrophy and hyperplasia, and the control of liver regeneration